中外交流研究（中英文）

奥巴马时期的“亚太再平衡”战略,虽未明确使用“印太”概念,但其核心框架奠定了美国印太战略基础。特朗普2017年正式提出“印太战略”,2019年6月美国国防部发布《印太战略报告》将其系统化。经拜登政府修改后,《美国印太战略报告》于2022年2月11日正式发布。其核心是遏制中国在亚太地区的影响力,试图将西式“自由民主”价值观作为工具,以意识形态划界,拉拢盟友伙伴,孤立中国,重构亚太地区的政治秩序。尽管小国在美国外交战略中处于相对边缘的位置,为了增强遏华力度、提升遏华效果,美国加大了对小国的援助力度,提升了援助对象和领域的针对性。千禧年挑战公司尼泊尔援助项目是美国布局自身在南亚影响力而发动的特别援助项目,该项目赋予了美国在尼拥有绝对主导权、超越尼泊尔主权等特权,也让美国在对尼发展与印度和中国的关系上有了更多的话语权和控制力。该援助项目的金额只有约5亿美元,却实现了上述两个重要目标。本文旨在总结美国对小国援助策略,防范美国通过特别援助进一步扩大在亚太地区的影响力。

Although the “Asia-Pacific Rebalancing” strategy during the Obama era did not explicitly use the concept of “Indo-Pacific”, its core framework laid the foundation for the US Indo-Pacific strategy. The strategy was proposed by the Trump administration in 2017, and the US Department of Defense released the “Indo-Pacific Strategy Report” in June 2019 to systematize it. After being revised by the Biden administration, the “US Indo-Pacific Strategy Report” was officially released on February 11, 2022. Its core is to contain China's influence in the Indo-Pacific region, trying to use Western “liberal democracy” values as a tool to draw ideological boundaries so as to draw boundaries based on ideology by working with allies and partners, isolating China and reconstructing the political order in the region. Although small countries are in a relatively marginal position in the US diplomatic strategy, in order to strengthen the containment of China and enhance the containment effect, the United States has increased its aid to small countries and improved the targeting of aid objects and fields. The Millennium Challenge Corporation( MCC) Nepal Project is a special aid project launched by the United States to curb the rise of China's influence in Southern Asia. The project gives the United States the privilege of absolute dominance in Nepal and transcending Nepal's sovereignty, and also gives the United States more voice and control in developing relations with India and China in Nepal. The amount of special aid from the United States to Nepal is only about $ 500 million, but it has achieved the above two important goals. China should summarize the experience of the United States in providing aid to small countries and prevent the United States from curbing China's influence in the Indo-Pacific region through special aid.